The Adaptive Arithmetic Tutor


The adaptive tutor module, called "TUT" (and pronounced "toot"), is the centerpiece of the three adaptive tools developed in Phase I, since it is TUT that will eventually be the central component of the application in actual educational uses in the school and home.


Key conceptual ingredients of TUT include:

FactBases - Files containing the knowledge to be taught; one each for digit recognition and typing, addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division

FactGroups - Conceptual subgroups of the facts that encourage students to develop strategies and observe interrelationships during learning

Phasing - Defines the path a student takes through the learning experience

Student's Performance Measurements - Monitors and records the student's responses and response times

Multimode Adaptive Presentation Pacing - Governs the mix of new and review fact presentations, and the rate of advancement into new learning territory

Multiple Timescale Knowledge Tracking - Monitors and controls the training of the student's long term memory

Presentation Manager - A rudimentary user interface; will be improved in Phase II

Game Structure - Game structure is absolutely "bare-bones" at this point; in Phase II, the role of a more elaborate game structure will be investigated; an important issue is whether elaboration of the game structure makes the learning more effective or less so

Scoring - Game scoring rewards the student for persistence, accuracy, relative speed (compared with the individual's own best work), and increased total knowledge

Display and Feedback - Display provides introduction to new facts; review of facts being learned; instant feedback on response accuracy; provides correct answers when a response is in error; in Phase II, additional encouraging feedback will be provided, as appropriate


A newly invented Adaptive Network called "Select Net" performs two of the central functions of the adaptive tutor: fact selection and knowledge status modeling.


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